ABSTRACT
Background: diazinon is an organophosphate insecticide that normally used to control different types of harmful insects in Agriculture
Methods: 25 laboratory mature female mice divided into 5 equal groups: The control group did not receive diazinon, Sham groups of A and B, respectively, received0.52 and 5.2microliter of emulsifier, Diazinon experimental groups of A and B also received, respectively, 1.3 and 13 microliter form of inhalant
Results: in all histomorphometry and appearance studies, there was no significant difference between the control group and two sham groups but in the experimental group of B there were abnormalities such as atrophy of the fetus and placenta, cutaneous bleeding, the position of fetus was absorbed with extra placenta. The examination of intestinal Histomorphometry of embryos in the average number of goblet cells in a level equal to length of the villi in the experimental group of B in compared to the experimental group of A and the control showed that this increases were not significant. The average number of epithelial cells in a certain level of transverse sections of villi in both the experimental groups compared to control group showed no significant difference. Percentage of goblet cells in the entire villi's in the experimental group A and B showed a significant decrease in compared to the control group
Conclusion: consumption of high levels of Diazinon in pregnant mice caused growth and development disorders and physical anomalies in the fetus as well as abnormalities in the development of intestinal tissue of embryos
ABSTRACT
Objective: Spinal cord injury [SCI] causes inflammation, deformity and cell loss. It has been shown that Melissa officinalis [MO], as herbal medicine, and dexamethasone [DEX] are useful in the prevention of various neurological diseases. The present study evaluated combinational effects of DEX and MO on spinal cord injury
Materials and Methods: Thirty six adult male Wistar rats were used in this experimental study. The weight-drop contusion method was employed to induce spinal cord injury in rats. DEX and MO were administrated alone and together in different treatment groups. Intra-muscular injection of DEX [1 mg/kg] was started three hours after injury and continued once a day for seven days after injury. Intra-peritoneal [I.P] injection of MO [150 mg/ kg] was started one day after injury and continued once a day for 14 days
Results: Our results showed motor and sensory functions were improved significantly in the group received a combination of DEX and MO, compared to spinal cord injury group. Mean cavity area was decreased and loss of lower motor neurons and astrogliosis in the ventral horn of spinal cord was significantly prevented in the group received combination of DEX and Melissa officinalis, compared to spinal cord injury group. Furthermore, the findings showed a significant augmentation of electromyography [EMG] recruitment index, increase of myelin diameter, and up-regulation of myelin basic protein in the treated group with combination of DEX and MO
Conclusion: Results showed that combination of DEX and MO could be considered as a neuroprotective agent in spinal cord injury